First let me explain what is an IP address.
This number is an exclusive number all information technology devices (printers, routers, modems, et al) use which identifies and allows them the ability to communicate with each other on a computer network. There is a standard of communication which is called an Internet Protocol standard (IP). In laymans terms it is the same as your home address. In order for you to receive snail mail at home the sending party must have your correct mailing address (IP address) in your town (network) or you do not receive bills, pizza coupons or your tax refund. The same is true for all equipment on the internet. Without this specific address, information cannot be received. IP addresses may either be assigned permanently for an Email server/Business server or a permanent home resident or temporarily, from a pool of available addresses (first come first serve) from your Internet Service Provider.
IP address is consist of 32 bits. It can be represent in the two format.
a. In dotted decimal format
b. In dotted hexadecimal format
Example:
----> 196.23.45.98 is in the dotted decimal format.
----> 11011010.11110101.10101010.11111101 is in the dotted hexadecimal format.
The starting IP address can be 0.0.0.0 and the last IP address can be 255.255.255.255.
The total IP address can be possible in case of IPV4 is 232= 41294967296.
IPv4 reserves some addresses for special purposes such as private networks (~18 million addresses) or multicast addresses (~270 million addresses).
| Historical classful network architecture |
|---|
| Class | First octet in binary | Range of first octet | Network ID | Host ID | Number of networks | Number of addresses |
| A | 0XXXXXXX | 0 - 127 | a | b.c.d | 27 = 128 | 224 = 16777216 |
| B | 10XXXXXX | 128 - 191 | a.b | c.d | 214 = 16384 | 216 = 65536 |
| C | 110XXXXX | 192 - 223 | a.b.c | d | 221 = 2097152 | 28 = 256 |
IP address can be categorized into two types:
1.Static IP address
2.Dynamic IP address
Static IP address:
An IP address that is fixed and never changes. This is in contrast to a dynamic IP address which may change at any time.
Dynamic IP Address:
An IP address that is not static and could change at any time. This IP address is issued to you from a pool of IP addresses allocated by your ISP or DHCP Server. This is for a large number of customers that do not require the same IP Address all the time for a variety of reasons. Your computer will automatically get this number as it logs on to the network and saves you the trouble of having to know details regarding the specific network configurations. This number can be assigned to anyone using a dial-up connection, Wireless and High Speed Internet connections. If you need to run your own email server or web server, it would be best to have a static IP.
There are some private IP addresses which are reserved for the private purpose.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets (local networks):
Class B --> 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Class C --> 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255Also, IP addresses in the range of 169.254.0.0 -169.254.255.255 are reserved for Automatic Private IP Addressing.
Difference between Internet Protocol version 4 and Internet Protocol version 6:
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